Theosophy Wales, UK:- Pages About Wales. The Welsh Marches, Chester, Shrewsbury, Hereford.

WALES

PAGES ABOUT

Wales is a Principality within the United Kingdom and has an eastern border with England. The land area is just over 8,000 square miles. Snowdon is the highest mountain at 3,650 feet. The coastline is almost 750 miles long. The population of Wales as at the 2001 census is 2,946,200.

Theosophy Wales is pleased to present

general pages about Wales, Welsh History

and The History of Theosophy in Wales

____________________

The Welsh Marches

Return to Homepage

The Welsh marches lay in the borderland between England and Wales. The earldoms of Chester, Shrewsbury and Hereford were given special rights by Norman kings to help them defend England from Welsh raids and incursions. These Marcher Lords were free to raise forces and wage war, and their subjects could not appeal to royal courts for redress.

The County of Chester held the status of a palatinate: it had its own exchequer and held its own parliaments.

The powers of the Marcher lords were subject to abuse: in 1290, for example, Edward I had to intervene personally to prevent the Earls of Gloucester and Hereford from waging a private war.

The conflict grew more acute after the conquest of Wales, for it both removed the Marchers' function and increased their power. In 1321, the Marcher Lords almost provoked civil war in retaliation for Hugh Despenser's attempts to control the area.

The last vestiges of the Marches' special status did not disappear until 1536-43, when Wales was finally integrated into the English legal and administrative system.

Return to Homepage

THEOSOPHY

WALES

PAGES ABOUT WALES

For more info on Theosophy

Try these

Dave’s Streetwise Theosophy Boards

The Theosophy Website that

Welcomes Absolute Beginners

Theosophy Study Groups are invited to make

free use any of the material on this site

Theosophy in Cardiff